PUBLIKAINDONESIA.COM, JAKARTA – CEO Badan Pengelola Investasi Daya Anagata Nusantara (BPI Danantara), Rosan Perkasa Roeslani, menyampaikan bahwa pendanaan enam proyek gasifikasi batubara menjadi Dimethyl Ether (DME) senilai Rp164 triliun tidak terbatas hanya kepada BUMN atau Danantara saja, tetapi juga terbuka untuk perusahaan swasta berinvestasi.

Rosan mengungkapkan, saat ini Danantara sedang melakukan kajian terhadap sejumlah skema pendanaan, termasuk kemungkinan investasi langsung atau kolaborasi dengan BUMN dan sektor swasta. Penilaian dilakukan melalui evaluasi dokumen pra‑feasibility study (pra‑FS) yang diterima dari Kementerian ESDM.

Proyek ini merupakan bagian dari 18 proyek hilirisasi prioritas dengan total nilai investasi sekitar US$38,63 miliar atau setara Rp618,3 triliun. Keenam lokasi calon proyek DME tersebar di Bulungan, Kutai Timur, Kota Baru, Muara Enim, PALI, dan Banyuasin. Jika terealisasi, proyek ini diperkirakan mampu menyerap lebih dari 34.800 tenaga kerja.
Mengapa DME? Substitusi LPG dan Peluang Hilirisasi
Pemerintah menargetkan DME sebagai alternatif pengganti LPG impor, memanfaatkan cadangan batubara dalam negeri. Dalam program hilirisasi tahap pertama, terdapat empat proyek DME dari total 21 proyek dengan nilai proyek DME mencapai US$11 miliar menjadikannya proyek terbesar dalam tahap tersebut.
Pendanaan hingga kini masih digodok, tetapi prinsipnya adalah pendanaan bersumber dari Danantara dan upaya meminimalisir keterlibatan asing, kecuali dalam hal teknologi. BUMN juga diproyeksikan sebagai pelaksana utama proyek ini.
Tanggapan Ahli: Waspadai Risiko Ekonomi & Lingkungan
Namun, bukan tanpa kritik. Beberapa lembaga menyampaikan kekhawatiran terkait aspek ekonomi dan ekologis proyek DME berbahan batubara:
- IESR menyoroti potensi proyek yang tidak ekonomis, dengan biaya produksi DME dari batubara diperkirakan sekitar US$0,4–0,5 per liter, sehingga berpotensi membebani subsidi negara dan APBN jika tidak diimbangi permintaan yang kuat.
- IEEFA menilai bahwa risiko stranded asset sangat besar, di mana investasi tersebut bisa gagal mendapatkan keuntungan atau bahkan merugi secara finansial.
- Dari sisi lingkungan, gasifikasi batubara dianggap menyumbang emisi besar, berpotensi memperburuk polusi udara dan merusak konservasi alam. Beberapa pihak menyarankan pemerintah lebih mengalihkan investasi ke energi terbarukan seperti PLTS, penyaluran gas kota, atau elektrifikasi dapur yang lebih ramah lingkungan.
Secara garis besar, proyek DME ini membawa potensi besar dalam konteks hilirisasi dan ketahanan energi nasional. Namun, keberhasilan jangka panjangnya sangat bergantung pada:
- Skema pendanaan yang transparan dan berkelanjutan,
- Komitmen nyata dari BUMN dan dunia usaha,
- Pengawasan finansial ketat agar tidak membebani keuangan negara,
- Serta perhitungan matang terhadap dampak lingkungan dan keberlanjutan energi.


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