PUBLIKAINDONESIA.COM – Tanggal 21 Mei 1998 menjadi salah satu tonggak penting dalam sejarah politik Indonesia. Pada hari itulah, Presiden Soeharto resmi mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya setelah 32 tahun memimpin Indonesia di bawah rezim Orde Baru.
Keputusan tersebut menandai berakhirnya kekuasaan panjang yang penuh kontroversi, sekaligus membuka babak baru dalam era reformasi.
Latar Belakang: Krisis dan Tekanan Massa
Awal 1998, Indonesia dilanda krisis multidimensi ekonomi, politik, dan sosial yang dipicu oleh krisis moneter Asia pada tahun 1997. Nilai tukar rupiah anjlok drastis, inflasi meroket, pengangguran meningkat tajam, dan harga kebutuhan pokok tak terkendali.
Situasi tersebut memperburuk ketidakpuasan rakyat terhadap pemerintahan Soeharto yang dinilai otoriter, korup, dan kolusi.
Puncaknya terjadi pada Mei 1998, ketika gerakan mahasiswa dan masyarakat sipil turun ke jalan. Demonstrasi besar-besaran terjadi di berbagai kota, terutama di Jakarta.
Tragedi kemanusiaan mewarnai masa-masa genting itu, termasuk kerusuhan 13–15 Mei dan penembakan mahasiswa di Universitas Trisakti pada 12 Mei 1998 yang menewaskan empat orang.
Pengunduran Diri yang Menggemparkan
Dalam suasana yang sangat mencekam, pada pagi hari Kamis, 21 Mei 1998, Presiden Soeharto menyampaikan pidato resmi yang disiarkan langsung di televisi nasional.
Didampingi oleh Wakil Presiden B.J. Habibie dan sejumlah menteri, Soeharto dengan suara berat mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya dari jabatan presiden.
“Dengan memperhatikan ketentuan Pasal 8 UUD 1945 dan setelah mencermati perkembangan situasi nasional, saya memutuskan untuk berhenti sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia, terhitung sejak hari ini,” ujar Soeharto dalam pidatonya yang bersejarah.
Dengan pengunduran dirinya, jabatan Presiden secara konstitusional langsung diserahkan kepada Wakil Presiden B.J. Habibie, yang kemudian diambil sumpahnya di hadapan Mahkamah Agung pada hari yang sama.
Era Reformasi Dimulai
Pengunduran diri Soeharto menjadi simbol dimulainya Era Reformasi, sebuah masa perubahan besar-besaran dalam sistem politik dan pemerintahan Indonesia. Tuntutan reformasi mencakup:
- Pemberantasan KKN (Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme)
- Amandemen UUD 1945
- Pembatasan kekuasaan presiden
- Kebebasan pers dan demokratisasi
- Pemilu yang jujur dan adil
Meski transisi tidak berlangsung mulus, tonggak 21 Mei 1998 tetap dikenang sebagai hari kebangkitan rakyat melawan rezim yang otoriter, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan demokrasi di Indonesia.
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