PUBLIKAINDONESIA.COM, JAKARTA – Pemerintah menargetkan pendirian 80.000 unit Koperasi Desa/Kelurahan Merah Putih hingga akhir tahun 2025. Program ambisius yang dijadwalkan akan diluncurkan secara resmi pada 12 Juli mendatang ini diklaim sebagai langkah afirmatif untuk menguatkan ekonomi rakyat melalui kolektivitas, gotong royong, dan kemandirian lokal.

Dalam arahan pemerintah, koperasi Merah Putih dipandang sebagai instrumen strategis untuk mendistribusikan bantuan dan subsidi kepada UMKM di tingkat akar rumput, sekaligus menjembatani kebutuhan pembiayaan melalui mekanisme kredit yang disediakan oleh bank-bank milik negara seperti BRI, Mandiri, dan BNI. Menurut skema yang diusulkan, tiap koperasi berhak mengakses plafon kredit senilai Rp1 hingga Rp3 miliar.

Namun, di balik semangat gotong royong dan retorika kemandirian tersebut, sejumlah pengamat ekonomi mengingatkan pentingnya pendekatan berbasis kualitas kelembagaan. Ariyo Irhamna, Chief Economist BPP HIPMI dan ekonom Universitas Paramadina, mencatat bahwa pembangunan 80.000 koperasi dalam waktu kurang dari satu tahun adalah target ambisius yang berisiko tinggi jika tidak diiringi dengan penguatan institusi dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang memadai.
“Pembangunan 80.000 koperasi dalam kurun waktu kurang dari satu tahun bukan hanya ambisius, tapi juga bisa menjadi bumerang jika tidak disertai penguatan institusi dan SDM yang memadai,” ujar Ariyo di Jakarta, Senin (08/07/2025).
Sejak era reformasi, koperasi di Indonesia kerap dianggap sebagai pelengkap retorika pembangunan yang tidak memiliki fondasi institusional konsisten. Banyak koperasi didirikan semata-mata sebagai respons terhadap tuntutan program pemerintah, bukan karena teridentifikasinya kebutuhan nyata di lapangan. Kondisi inilah yang membuat para pengamat mendesak agar pemerintah tidak mengulangi pola yang sama.
Meskipun pembiayaan melalui bank-bank Himbara terdengar menjanjikan, risiko kredit macet menjadi kekhawatiran tersendiri. Pengalaman proyek infrastruktur BUMN di era sebelumnya yang berujung pada tingginya kredit bermasalah memberikan peringatan bahwa tanpa dasar kelembagaan yang kuat, pembiayaan besar dapat berakhir bumerang.
Sebagai alternatif solusi, para ahli mengusulkan penguatan koperasi yang sudah berjalan dengan membentuk Badan Usaha Koperasi Sekunder di bawah naungan bank-bank BUMN. Model ini mengumpulkan koperasi primer yang sudah memiliki rekam jejak kuat dalam satu payung kelembagaan yang lebih modern dan terkoordinasi.
Pendekatan sektoral dan wilayah pun diharapkan dapat diterapkan: misalnya, BRI dapat fokus pada sektor pertanian dan UMKM, Mandiri pada perdagangan dan jasa, serta BNI pada industri kecil-menengah. Hal ini diyakini akan membantu pengelolaan risiko secara terukur sekaligus mendorong agregasi ekonomi koperasi secara kolektif.
Model koperasi sekunder bukanlah konsep baru. Beberapa lembaga keuangan koperatif di kancah internasional, seperti Rabobank di Belanda, Desjardins Group di Kanada, hingga OP Financial Group di Finlandia, telah membuktikan bahwa dengan fondasi kelembagaan yang kuat, koperasi bisa tumbuh besar dan tetap setia pada prinsip dasar mereka.
Para pengamat menekankan bahwa untuk mencapai hal tersebut, fokus harus dialihkan pada:
- Konsolidasi dan penguatan koperasi eksisting
- Pengembangan kapasitas SDM
- Perluasan jejaring pasar
Jika langkah-langkah strategis tersebut berhasil diterapkan, koperasi di Indonesia bahkan berpotensi menjadi kanal penting penyaluran bantuan ke sektor UMKM. Namun, tanpa pondasi yang solid, rencana ambisius pendirian 80.000 unit koperasi justru bisa menjadi beban tambahan bagi sistem perbankan nasional dan mencederai semangat koperasi itu sendiri.
“Indonesia tidak kekurangan semangat gotong royong. Yang kurang adalah keberanian untuk keluar dari jebakan program populistik jangka pendek menuju pembangunan koperasi yang profesional dan berkelanjutan,” pungkas Ariyo.
Pada akhirnya, keberhasilan program Koperasi Desa/Kelurahan Merah Putih sangat bergantung pada seberapa baik pemerintah mampu menggabungkan semangat kolektif dengan penguatan institusi. Sementara target 80.000 unit koperasi memberikan gambaran optimisme, proses konsolidasi dan pembangunan kelembagaan yang terintegrasi menjadi kunci agar ambisi tersebut tidak berujung pada bumerang.


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