PUBLIKAINDONESIA.COM, JAKARTA – Pemerintah menegaskan bahwa pengelolaan logam tanah jarang (rare earth) akan dikendalikan sepenuhnya oleh negara melalui lembaga baru, Badan Industri Mineral.

Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Bahlil Lahadalia, menyatakan bahwa pengelolaan rare earth tidak lagi dibuka untuk pihak swasta umum. Mulai kini, semua aktivitas terkait pengelolaan dilakukan oleh negara melalui Badan Industri Mineral dengan kementerian fokus sebagai penyedia bahan baku, sementara hilirisasi produk akhir berada di tangan badan baru tersebut. Badan ini dipimpin oleh Brian Yuliarto, mantan Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Teknologi.

Alasan Dibalik Kebijakan
Penetapan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya rare earth dalam mendukung teknologi energi bersih, seperti baterai dan magnet industri, yang harga dan nilai tambahnya tinggi. Kebijakan pengakuan negara terhadap pengelolaan diharapkan menjamin tata kelola yang lebih terarah dan berorientasi ekonomi dan strategis.
Indonesia memiliki cadangan rare earth dalam jumlah besar, terutama dari produk samping pertambangan timah dan nikel. Contohnya, monazit, produk samping penambangan timah, mengandung unsur seperti cerium, lanthanum, hingga neodymium komponen penting magnet permanen. Hal ini menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pemain potensial dalam rantai pasok global.
Meski potensi besar, pengembangan industri ini masih menghadapi kendala besar terkait teknologi pemrosesan lanjutan. Direktur PT Timah mengakui selama ini belum berhasil memperoleh teknologi yang mumpuni dari luar negeri. Ditambah itu, secara umum masih terdapat kesenjangan pendanaan riset yang memperlambat laju hilirisasi rare earth.
Indonesia juga tengah menggalakkan kerja sama internasional atas komoditas mineral strategis. Misalnya, dengan Amerika Serikat tengah bernegosiasi kerangka strategis bersama untuk pengelolaan pertukaran komoditas kritis dengan transparansi tinggi termasuk logam seperti rare earth.
Sekilas Tentang logam tanah jarang (LTJ) / Rare Earth
Rare earth atau logam tanah jarang (LTJ) adalah kelompok 17 unsur kimia dalam tabel periodik yang terdiri dari:
- 15 unsur lantanida: lantanium (La), serium (Ce), praseodimium (Pr), neodimium (Nd), prometium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), disprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), tulium (Tm), iterbium (Yb), dan lutetium (Lu).
- Ditambah skandium (Sc) dan itrium (Y), yang sifat kimianya mirip dengan lantanida.
🔎 Kenapa disebut “rare earth”?
Awalnya dinamai begitu karena unsur-unsur ini jarang ditemukan dalam bentuk murni dan biasanya bercampur dalam mineral lain. Padahal, cadangannya cukup banyak di dunia—tetapi proses pemisahan dan pemurniannya sulit dan mahal.
⚡ Kegunaan utama rare earth:
- Magnet permanen kuat → dipakai di turbin angin, motor listrik, hingga ponsel.
- Baterai dan kendaraan listrik (EV) → neodimium, praseodimium, dan disprosium jadi bahan penting.
- Teknologi bersih → panel surya, turbin angin, penyimpanan energi.
- Peralatan militer & teknologi tinggi → radar, sistem komunikasi, laser, dan jet tempur.
- Produk sehari-hari → layar smartphone, lampu LED, pengeras suara, hingga headphone.
🌍 Penguasaan global:
Hingga kini, Cina menguasai lebih dari 60% produksi rare earth dunia. Karena strategisnya, banyak negara berlomba mencari sumber baru agar tidak bergantung pada satu pemasok. Indonesia sendiri punya potensi besar karena rare earth bisa ditemukan dalam mineral ikutan dari penambangan timah, nikel, dan bauksit.


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